Prevent adhesion and colonization: Cranberry PACs reduce initial bacterial sticking to urothelial cells, while probiotics occupy niches and produce anti‑pathogen metabolites together they reduce both the ability of E. coli to attach and the available ecological space for pathogenic colonization. Reduce inflammation and support healing: Aloe vera’s anti‑inflammatory and mucoprotective components may ease symptoms (burning/urgency) and support mucosal recovery while probiotics help rebalance local