In the early nineteenth century nearly all of areas of Spanish America attained independence by armed struggle, with the exceptions of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Brazil, which had become a monarchy …

3 days ago · Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest.

In less than 20 years, virtually all the European colonies in Central and South America declared their independence, leading to bloody conflict between those who rejected colonial rule and those who …

During the 1800s, there were a number of military clashes among different groups living in the colonies of Latin American, and this period produced a number of successful independence movements …

Between 1817 and 1822, he led successful rebellions in the present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and parts of Bolivia *. These areas were united as one country, called Gran …

Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the United States to independence, during the Haitian Revolution. Creoles in South America, led by Simon Bolivar, followed with revolutions of their own …

Nov 20, 2025 · Encyclopedia Oxford Research Encyclopedia: Latin American History offers long-form overview articles written, peer-reviewed, and edited by leading scholars in Latin American History. …

The Túpac Amaru Rebellion in Peru, 1780-81 Don José Gabriel Condorcanqui, known as Túpac Amaru II, a descendant of the Inca ruling family, tried to create an alliance between the indigenous …

In this way, Latin America – most of South and Central America – came to be divided between Brazil, which is Portuguese by history and language, and all the other countries, which have a Spanish …

Jan 14, 2026 · Although many Latin American elites profited from the new order, they ceded a degree of control over their countries to the industrializing economies of the North Atlantic. For much of the …