We provide the first causal, national empirical analysis of the labor market impacts of heightened immigration enforcement during the second Trump administration. Enforcement increased everywhere, but ...

The modern economic role of women emerged in four phases. The first three were evolutionary; the last was revolutionary. Phase I occurred from the late nineteenth century to the 1920s; Phase II was ...

In December 2025, Australia became the first country to ban youth under 16 years old from holding accounts on major social media platforms, a policy now under consideration in more than a dozen ...

This chapter examines how schools cultivate socio-emotional skills that influence both individual success and broader social cohesion. Moving beyond the traditional focus on cognitive ability, I argue ...

Yet little rigorous evidence exists on whether behavior management can serve as a lever for academic improvement. We evaluate a program that shifts responsibility for establishing behavioral norms and ...

This bias is strong enough that regularization of prompt instructions cannot fully address this form of overfitting. We further show that the bias can arise from users’ unintentional conversational ...

AlphaFold can predict these structures without running experiments. In July 2021, researchers gained access to hundreds of thousands of these AI-predicted structures virtually overnight. Yet, to date, ...

The share of the global population living in extreme poverty fell dramatically from an estimated 36% in 1990 to 9% in 2015. We describe how this decline happened: the extent to which changes within as ...

This paper estimates that the macroeconomic damages from climate change are an order of magnitude larger than previously thought. Exploiting natural global temperature variability, we find that 1°C ...

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) jobs are a key contributor to economic growth and national competitiveness. Yet STEM workers are perceived to be in short supply. This paper shows ...

This paper investigates the economic consequences of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned immigration from China to the United States. The Act reduced the number of Chinese workers of all ...

We examine how the GDPR affected transatlantic venture investment. Using investment data from 2014 to 2019, we find that the GDPR’s rollout in May 2018 led to a significant decline in US investor ...