Background Immune-mediated processes leading to childhood type 1 diabetes may begin in fetal life. We hypothesised that a maternal inflammatory diet during pregnancy increases offspring risk of type 1 ...

Background Knowledge on the long-term development of adiposity throughout childhood/adolescence and its prenatal determinants and health sequelae is lacking. We sought to (1) identify trajectories of ...

An ecological perspective on health emphasises both individual and contextual systems and the interdependent relations between the two. Origins of this approach have emanated from multiple disciplines ...

Background Government standards are now in place for children's school meals but not for lunches prepared at home. The aim of this trial is to improve the content of children's packed lunches. Methods ...

Minority ethnic groups have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the exact reasons for this remain unclear, they are likely due to a complex interplay of factors rather ...

Background Mortality rates across the UK stopped improving in the early 2010s, largely attributable to UK Government’s ‘austerity’ policies. Such policies are thought to disproportionately affect ...

Study objective: To evaluate methods for calculating life expectancy in small areas, for example, English electoral wards. Design: The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the distribution of life ...

Background A broad literature base provides evidence of association between air pollution and paediatric asthma. Socioeconomic status (SES) may modify these associations; however, previous studies ...