Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a co-receptor expressed by activated, memory T cells and regulatory T cells 1,2,3,4,5,6. It is a homodimer that can bind to the homodimeric ligands CD80 ...

In developing quality-control procedures, a step-loss function has been used implicitly or explicitly to describe consumer perceptions about product quality. A quadratic loss function has been ...

Common high-dimensional methods for prediction rely on having either a sparse signal model, a model in which most parameters are zero and there are a small number of nonzero parameters that are large ...