Abstract: Assumptions play a pivotal role in the selection and efficacy of statistical models, as unmet assumptions can lead to flawed conclusions and impact decision-making. In both traditional ...

Two-sample t-tests are statistical tests used to compare the means of two populations. Also known as Student’s t-tests, their results are used to determine if there is a significant difference between ...

During his Ph.D. research, mathematician Tyron Lardy worked on a new approach to hypothesis testing. Instead of the traditional p-value, he uses so-called e-values. These turn out to be more ...

At times we wish to examine statistical evidence, and determine whether it supports or contradicts a claim that has been made (or that we might wish to make) concerning the entire population. This is ...

When researchers conduct many statistical tests simultaneously, the chance of obtaining false positives increases. Traditional methods for multiple comparisons, such ...

Statistical significance is a critical concept in data analysis and research. In essence, it’s a measure that allows researchers to assess whether the results of an experiment or study are due to ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Brian Beers is a digital editor, writer, Emmy-nominated producer, and content expert with 15+ years of experience writing about corporate finance & accounting, fundamental analysis, and investing.