Campers often expect campfire smoke to rise straight up or drift gently with the wind, but mountain valleys behave very differently. Their narrow walls, shifting temperatures, and irregular terrain ...

If you are sitting in the wrong spot, the prevailing wind blows smoke directly in your face. This horizontal movement is called advection. Small fires often don’t generate enough heat to loft their ...

Thinking about 'heat' and 'smoke' at a fire scene from an old man's perspective—what we see is only a part of the combustion ...