One outcome of the Paris deal is already certain: it will not succeed in limiting temperatures to below 2C. This has been repeated ad infinitum, by studies, by politicians and by observers. Perhaps ...

A common ratchet from your garage may work wonders for tightening hard to reach bolts on whatever everyday projects around the house. However, those over at [Chronova Engineering] had a particularly ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In a majority of living organisms, F o F₁ ATP synthase performs the fundamental process of ATP synthesis. Despite the simple net reaction ...

Designing machines that can be driven by thermal noise is a dream for scientists. In 1912, Smoluchowski presented a gedankenexperiment consisting of an asymmetric ratchet with a pawl that could ...

People often ask me what I think a successful Paris climate agreement would entail. I’ve said there is a handful of key elements, each tough but possible to get global agreement on, without which it ...

A new COP26 document hints at the kind of agreement negotiators are considering. Final COP26 language may require countries to tighten emission reductions by 2030. Australia could be required to ...

The UN climate agreement signed in Paris last year is designed to improve over time. Current climate policies will not achieve the aims of the agreement: keeping global temperature rise to “well below ...