The Design Idea in Figure 1 indicates a low-battery condition in an audio test instrument that is powered by four AA cells. As the instrument was otherwise an all-discrete design, this same approach ...

With so much analog-circuit design being done by automated tools and circuit-performance analysis done with tools such as Spice, it may seem anachronistic to actually go through a basic circuit in ...

Most circuits that require current loss detection use expensive isolation amplifiers. This circuit solves that problem with a simple and low-cost method to detect current loss of 4-20 mA. To view the ...

Using simple components such as oil, salt water, lipids and proteins, plus routine genetic engineering techniques, it is possible to create simple nanofluidic ...

This animation shows how pairs of dangling bonds can serve as atom-sized binary bits in digital circuits. Credit: Robert Wolkow/U. Alberta In the ongoing drive to make circuitry ever smaller and more ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. In some situations, it becomes necessary to drive a MOSFET (or IGBT) with a voltage that’s lower than its ...