When testing new treatments, drugmakers must show that their formulation bears out better results than a placebo in clinical trials. In fact, the new drug must outperform the placebo by a ...

Imagine, if you dare, a world without P values. Perhaps you’re already among the lucky participants in the human race who don’t know what a P value is. Trust me, you don’t want to. P stands for ...

In science, the success of an experiment is often determined by a measure called “statistical significance.” A result is considered to be “significant” if the difference observed in the experiment ...