Limiting quantum particles to move in one, two, or three dimensions has led to the observation of many striking phenomena. A prime example is the quantization of the Hall conductance measured in 2D ...

Figure 1: Unlocking of the 2D vortex lattice on a linear potential. In Fig. 2a we show a sequence of vortex lattice images between 0.5 T and 5.5 T. We identify three different phases. In phase I, ...